Fistula First Literature Resources

Below you will find articles to assist you in improving AV fistula rates. There are several different categories to review to find articles specific to you and your area of practice. You will find General Articles on vascular access, articles specific to Chronic Kidney Disease, and articles arranges by FFBI Change Concepts. Some of these articles will be pertinent to multiple change concepts.

General Articles on Vascular Access

Ackoundou-N’Guessan C, Gniosahe A, Guei M, et al. High failure rate of first arterio-venous fistula in patients starting hemodialysis treatment: a report from the ivory coast. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2008;19(3):384-388.

Agarwal AK, Patel BM, Haddad NJ. Central vein stenosis: a nephrologist’s perspective. Semin Dial. 2007;20(1):53-62.

Allon M. Current Management of Vascular Access. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;2:786-800.

Asif A, Besarab A, Roy-Chaudhury P, Spergel LM, Ravani P. Interventional nephrology: from episodic to coordinated vascular access care. J Nephrol. 2007;20:399-405.

Bachleda P, Utikal P, Kojecky Z, et al. Autogenous arteriovenous elbow fistula for haemodialysis and upper extremity ischemia. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2007;151(1):129-132.

Bessias N, Paraskevas KI, Tziviskou E, Andrikopoulos V. Vascuar access in elderly patients with end-stage renal disease. Int Urol Nephrol. 2008;40:1133-1142.

Bhan V, Soroka S, Constantine C, Kiberd BA. Barriers to access before initiation of hemodialysis: a single-center review. Hemodial Int. 2007;11:349-353.

Bourquelot P. Vascular access for haemodialysis. Nephrol Ther. 2009 Jun;5(3):239-48.

Bronder CM, Cull DL, Kuper SG, et al. Fistula elevation procedure: experience with 295 consecutive cases during a 7-year period. J Am Coll Surg. 2008;206(5):1076-1081.

Buck J, Baker R, Cannaby AM, Nicholson S, Peters J, Warwick G. Why do patients known to renal services still undergo urgent dialysis initiation? A cross-sectional survey. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2007;22:3240-3245.

Chou CY, Tseng YH, Shih CM et al. Influence of intravenous drug abuse on native arteriovenous fistula thrombosis in chronic hemodialysis patients. Ther Apher. 2008:12(2)152-156.

Colì L, Donati G, Galaverni MC, et al. Jugular vein-mammary artery fistula after catheterism for hemodialysis: case report. J Vasc Access. 2007;8:115-119.

Cronenwett JL, Liapis CD. Vascular surgery training and certification: An international perspective. J Vasc Surg 2007;36:621-629.

Devraj R, Gordon EJ. Health literacy and kidney disease: toward a new line of research. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;53:884-889.

Diskin CJ, Stokes TJ, Dansby L, Radcliff L, Carter TB. Understanding the pathophysiology of hemodialysis access problems as a prelude to developing innovative therapies. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol. 2008 4 (11):628-638.

Ethier J, Mendelssohn DC, Elder SJ, et al. Vascular access use and outcomes: an international perspective from the dialysis outcomes and practice patterns study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008;23:3219-3226.

Field M, McNamara K, Bailey G, Jaipersad A, Morgan RH, Pherwani AD. Primary patency rates of AV fistulae and the effect of patient variables. J Vasc Access. 2008;9:45-50.

Figueiredo AE, Viegas A, Monterio M, Poli-de-Figueiredo CE. Research into pain perception with arteriovenous fistula (avf) cannulation. J Ren Care. 2008 Dec;34(4):169-72.

Foley RN, Hakim RM. Why is the mortality of dialysis patients in the United states much higher than the rest of the world? J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Jul;20(7):1432-5.

Graham J, Hiremath S, Magner PO, Knoll GA, Burns KD. Factors influencing the prevalence of central venous catheter use in a Canadian haemodialysis center. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008;23:3585-3591.

Hakim RM. Reducing early mortality in hemodialysis patients. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2008;17:595-599.

Hammes M, Funaki B, Coe FL. Cephalic arch stenosis in patients with fistula access for hemodialysis: relationship to diabetes and thrombosis. ANZ J Surg. 2007;22(7):150-155.

Heaf JG. Algorithm for optimal dialysis access timing. Clin Nephrol. 2007 Feb;67(2):96-104.

Holley JL. Palliative care in end-stage renal disease: illness trajectories, communication, and hospice use. Adv in Chronic Kidney Dis. 2007 Oct;14(4):402-8.

Huijbregts H, Bots ML, Moll FL, Blankestijin PJ. Accelerated increase of arteriovenous fistula use in haemodialysis centres: results of multicentre CIMINO initiative. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007;22(9):2595-2600.

Huijbregts H, Bots ML, Moll FL, Blankestijin PJ. Hospital specific aspects predominantly determine primary failure of hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas. J Vasc Surg. 2007;45(5):962-967.

Kats M, Hawxby AM, Barker J, Allon M. Impact of obesity on arteriovenous fistula outcomes in dialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2007;71:39-43.

Katzman HE, McLafferty RB, Ross JR, et al. Initial experience and outcome of a new hemodialysis access device for catheter-dependent patients. J Vas Surg. 2009 Sep;50(3):600-7.

Kayacioglu I, Baysal A, Ates M, et al. The effect of the keyhole technique on diabetic patients undergoing autologous brachiobasilic transposition of an arteriovenous fistula. Heart Surg Forum. 2007;10(2):E147-E152.

Keen M. Modifiable practice patterns and patient outcomes: implications for nephrology nursing care. Nephrol Nurs J. 2009 May-Jun; 36(3):303-8.

Keuter XHA, DeSmet AA, Kessels AGH, van der Sande FM, Welten RJTJ, Tordoir JHM. A randomized multicenter study of the outcome of brachial-basilic arteriovenous fistula and prosthetic brachial-antecubital forearm loop as vascular access for hemodialysis. J Vasc Surg. 2008;47(2):395-401.

Kiaii M, MacRae JM. A dedicated vascular access program can improve arteriovenous fistula rates without increasing catheters. J Vasc Access. 2008;9:254-259.

Lacson E, Lazarus JM, Himmelfarb J, Ikizler TA, Hakim RM. Balancing fistula first with catheters last. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007;50(3):379-395.

Lazarides MK, Georgiadis GS, Antoniou GA, Staramos DN. A meta-analysis of dialysis access outcome in elderly patients. J Vasc Surg. 2007;45(2):420-426.e2.

Lee T, Barker J, Allon M. Comparison of survival of upper arm arteriovenous fistulas and grafts after failed forearm fistula. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18:1936-1941.

Levine, MI. A challenge for nephrologists-increasing fistula maturation rates, reducing fistula maturation time, and decreasing dialysis catheter prevalence in the United States. Semin Dial. 2008;21(3):280-284.

Lok CE. Fistula first initiative: advantages and pitfalls. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;2:1043-1053.

Marcus RJ, Marcus DA, Sureshkumar KK, Hussin SM, McGill RL. Gender differences in vascular access in hemodialysis patients in the United States: developing strategies for improving access outcome. Gend Med. 2007;4:193-204.

McCann M, Einarsdóttir H, Van Waeleghem JP, Murphy F, Sedgewick J. Vascular access management 1: an overview. J Ren Care. 2008 Jun;34(2):77-84.

Mercado C, Salman L, Krishnamurthy G, et al. Early and late fistula failure. Clin Nephrol. 2008;69:77-83.

Moist L, Chang SE, Polkinghorne KR, McDonald SP. Trends in hemodialysis vascular access from the Australia and New Zealand dialysis and transplant registry 2000-2005. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007;50:612-621.

Nguyen VD, Griffith CN, Reus J, et al. Successful AV fistula creation does not lead to higher catheter use: the experience by the northwest renal network 16 vascular access quality improvement programs. Four years follow up. J Vasc Access. 2008;9:260-268.

Nguyen VD, Lawson L, Ledeen M, et al. Successful multidisciplinary interventions for arterio-venous fistula creation by the pacific northwest renal network 16 vascular access quality improvement program. J Vasc Access. 2007;8:3-11.

Nikolic B. Hemodialysis fistula interventions: diagnostic and treatment challenges and technical considerations. Tech Vasc Interventional Rad. 2008;11:167-174.

Papanikolaou V, Papagiannis V, Vrochides D, et al. The natural history of vascular access for hemodialysis: a single center study of 2,422 patients. Surg. 2008;11.003:272-279.

Parra E, Ramos R, Betriu A, et al.Effect of a quality improvement strategy on several haemodialysis outcomes. Neph Dial Transplant. 2008;23:2943-2947.

Pflederer TA, Kwok S, Ketel BL, Pilgram T. A comparison of transposed brachiobasilic fistulae with nontransposed fistulae and grafts in the fistula first era. Semin Dial. 2008;21(4):357-363.

Pisoni RL, Arrington CJ, Albert JM, et al. Facility hemodialysis vascular access use and mortality in countries participating in DOPPS: an instrumental variable analysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;53(3):475-491.

Quinn RR, Lamping DL, Lok CE, et al. The vascular access questionnaire: assessing patient-reported views of vascular access. J Vasc Access. 2008;9:122-128.

Rajan DK, Chennepragada SM, Lok CE, et al. Patient of endovascular treatment for central venous stenosis: Is there a difference between dialysis fistulas and grafts? J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2007;18(3):353-359.

Ravani P, Spergel LM, Asif A, Roy-Chaudhury P, Beserab A. Clinical epidemiology of arteriovenous fistula in 2007. J Nephrol. 2007;20:141-149.

Richardson AI 2nd, Leake A, Schmieder, et al. Should fistulas really be first in the elderly patient? J Vasc Access. 2009 Jul-Sep;10(3):199-202.

Roy-Chaudhury P, Spergel LM, Besarab A, Asif A, Ravani P. Biology of arteriovenous fistula failure. J Nephrol. 2007;20:150-163.

Schon D, Blume SW, Niebauer K, Hollenbeak CS, de Lissovoy G. Increasing the use of arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis: economic benefits and economic barriers. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;2:268-276.

Shrestha PC, Asher J, Shrestha SM, et al. Survival of arteriovenous fistula for dialysis at different centers in the north of England. J Vasc Access. 2007;8:231-234.

Schuman E. Graft for immediate use as first stage of a native fistula. J Vasc Access. 2009 Jul-Sept;10(3):203-6.

Stolic RV, Trajkovic GZ, Peric VM, et al. The influence of atherosclerosis and plasma D-dimer concentration in patients with a functioning arteriovenous fistula for maintenance hemodialysis. Int Urol Nephrol. 2008;40:503-508.

Stracke S, Konner K, Köstlin I, et al. Over-expression of IGF-related peptides in stenoses of native arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2007;17:297-306.

Suding PN, Wilson SE. Strategies for management of ischemic steal syndrome. Semin Vasc Surg. 2007;20:184-188.

Thermann F, Ukkat J, Wollert U, Dralle H, Brauckhoff M. Dialysis shunt-associated steal syndrome (DASS) following brachial accesses: the value of fistula banding under blood flow control. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2007;392:731-737.

Toussaint ND, Lau KK, Polkinghorne KR, Kerr PG. Measurement of vascular calcification using CT fistulograms. Neph Dial Transplant. 2007;22:484-490.

van Hoek F, Scheltinga MRM, Luirink M, Raaymakers LCJ, van Pul C, Beerenhout C. Access flow, venous saturation, and digital pressures in hemodialysis. J Vasc Surgery. 2007;45:968-973.

Vazques MA. Vascular access for dialysis: recent lessons and new insights. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2009 Mar;18(2):116-21.

Walz P, Ladowski JS, Hines A. Distal revascularization and interval ligation (DRIL) procedure for the treatment of ischemic steal syndrome after arm arteriovenous fistula. Ann Vasc Surg. 2007;21:468-473.

Wang W, Murphy B, Yilmaz S, Tonelli M, MacRae J, Manns B. Comorbidities: do not influence primary fistula success in incident hemodialysis patients: a prospective study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;3:78-84.

Warren JA, Agarwal G, Wynn JJ. Arterial revascularization for upper extremeity ischemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. Am Surg. 2009 Sep;75(9):848-52.

Wasse H, Speckman RA, McClellan WM. Arteriovenous fistula use is associated with lower cardiovascular mortality compared with catheter use among ESRD patients. Semin Dial. 2008;21(5):483-489.

Wasse H, Speckman RA, Frankenfield DL, Rocco MV, McClellan WM. Predictors of central venous catheter use at the initiation of hemodialysis. Semin Dial. 2008;21(4):346-351.

Weale AR, Bevis P, Neary WD, et al. Radiocephalic and brachiocephalic arteriovenious outcomes in the elderly. J Vasc Surg. 2007;47:144-150.

Weyde W, Krajewska M, Zmonarski SC, et al. The abnormal superficial radial artery does not restrict the successful creation of hemodialysis forearm arteriovenous fistula. Clin Nephrol. 2009 May;71(5):584-7.

Weyde W, Letachowics W, Krajewska M, et al. Arteriovenous fistula reconstruction in patients with kidney allograft failure. Clin Transplant 2008;22:185-190.

Weyde W, Kusztal M, Krajewska M, et al. Radial artery-perforating vein fistula for hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007; 49(6):824-830.

Weyde W, Krajewska M, Letachowics W, et al. Obesity is not an obstacle for successful autogenous arteriovenous fistula creation in haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008;23:1318-1322.

Woo K, Farber A, Doros G, Killeen K, Kohanzadeh S. Evaluation of the efficacy of the transposed upper arm arteriovenous fistula: a single institutional review of 190 basilic and cephalic vein transposition procedures. J Vasc Surg. 2007;46(1):94-99.

Yaghoubian A, Lewis RJ, de Virgilio C. Can the national kidney foundation guidelines for first-time arteriovenous fistula creation be met in underserved end-stage renal disease patients? Ann Vasc Surg. 2008;22:5-10.

Yeh SCJ, Huang C, Chou H. Relationships among coping, comorbidity and stress in patients having haemodialysis. J Adv Nurs. 2008;63(2):166-174.

Yoon HE, Chung S, Chung HW, et al. Status of initiating pattern of hemodialysis: a multi-center study. J Korean Med Sci. 2009;24(1):102-108.

Vascular access for hemodialysis,by R Hayashi, E Huang & AR Nissenson. Nature ClinPract Nephrol (2006) 2:9; pp 504-513. Abstract reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd.

How can the use of arteriovenous fistulas be increased? - A series of opinion papers, by Hayden Hemphill and Michael Allon, Klaus Konner, Jack Work and Joseph A. Vassalotti. From Seminars in Dialysis, Vol 16, No 3 (May-June): pp 214-223. Topics discussed include requirements for optimizing fistula success, pre-dialysis evaluation, where to locate the "first" AVF, modified Gracz technique by Konner, and vein mapping.

Mortality and hospitalization in haemodialysis patients in five European countries: results from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS), by Rayner HC, Pisoni RL, Bommer J, Canaud B, Hecking E, Locatelli F, Piera L, Bragg-Gresham JL, Feldman HI, Goodkin DA, Gillespie B, Wolfe RA, Held PJ, Port FK. From Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2004 Jan;19(1):108-120

Clinical Epidemiology of Arteriovenous Fistula in 2007, by Ravani P, Spergel LM, Asif A, Roy-Chaudhury P, Besarab A. Journal of Nephrology. 2007; 20: 141-49.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Articles

Fistula First Change Concepts Articles

Change Concept #1 Routine CQI Review of Vascular Access

Polkinghorne KR, Seneviratne M, Kerr PG. Effect of a vascular access coordinator to reduce central venous catheter use in incident hemodialysis patients: a quality improvement report. Am J Kid Disease. 2009;53(1)99-106.

van Loon M, van der Mark W, Beukers N, et al. Implementation of a vascular access quality programme improves vascular access care. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007;22:1628-1632.

Change Concept #2 Early Referral to Nephrologist

Abdullah BJJ, Mohammad N, Sangkar JV, et al. Incidence of upper limb venous thrombosis associated with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC). Br J Radiol. 2005:78:596-600.

Dubois J, Rypens F, Garel L, David M, Lacroix J, Gauvin F. Incidence of deep vein thrombosis related to peripherally inserted central catheters in children and adolescents. CMAJ. Nov 6;177(10):1185-90.

Gonsalves CF, Eschelman DJ, Sullivan KL, DuBois N, Bonn J.Incidence of central vein stenosis and occlusion following upper extremity PICC and port placement. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. (2003)26:123-127.

Hoggard J, Saad T, Schon D, Vesely TM, Royer T. Guidelines for venous access in patients with chronic kidney disease. A Position Statement from the American Society of Diagnostic and Interventional Nephrology, Clinical Practice Committee and the Association for Vascular Access. Semin Dial. 2008 Mar-Apr;21(2):186-91.

McLennan G. Vein preservation: An algorithmic approach to vascular access placement in patients with compromised renal function. J Vasc Access. 2007:12(2):89-91.

Ong B, Gibbs H, Catchpole I, Hetherington R, Harper J. Peripherally inserted central catheters and upper extremity deep vein thrombosis. Australas Radiol. 2006:50:451-454.

Saad T, Vesely TM. Venous access for patients with chronic kidney disease. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2004:15:1041-1045.

Change Concept #3 Early Referral to Surgeon for "AVF Only" Evaluation and Timely Placement

Lampropoulos G, Papdoulas S, Katsimperis G, et al. Preoperative evaluation for vascular access creation. Vascular. 2009 Mar-Apr;17(2):74-82.

Asif A, Ravani P, Roy-Chaudhury P, Spergel LM, Besarab A. Vascular Mapping Techniques: Advantages and Disadvantages, Journal of Nephrology. 2007;20:299-303.

Change Concept #4 Surgeon Selection Based on Best Outcomes, Willingness, and Ability to Provide Access Services

Basile C, Lomonte C. The operating surgeon is the major determinant for a successful arteriovenous fistula maturation. Kidney Int. 2007;72:772.

Choi KL, Salman L, Krishnamurthy G, et al. Impact of surgeon selection on access placement and survival following preoperative mapping in the “fistula first” era. Semin Dial 2008;21(4):341-345.

Saran R, Elder SJ, Goodkin DA, et al. Enhanced training in vascular access creation predicts arteriovenous fistula placement and patency in hemodialysis patients: results from the dialysis outcomes and practice patterns study. Ann Surg May 2008;247(5):885-891.

Change Concept #5 Surgeons Provide a Full Range of Appropriate Surgical Approaches to AV Fistula Evaluation and Placement

Collins JP. New standards and criteria for accreditation of hospitals and posts for surgical training. Anz J Surg. 2008;78:277-281.

Collins JP, Gough IR, Civil ID, Stitz RW. A new surgical education and training programme. Anz J Surg. 2007;77:497-501.

Elwakeel HA, Saad EM, Elkiran YM, Awad I, Dakahlia M. Unusual vascular access for hemodialysis: transposed venae comitante of the brachial artery. Ann Vasc Surg. 2007;21:560-563.

Fassiadis N, Morsy M, Siva M, Marsh JE, Makanjuola AD, Chemia ES. Does the surgeon’s experience impact on radiocephalic fistula patency rates? Semin Dial. 2007;20(5):455-457.

Freeman AJ, Gallagher M, Gray-Weale A, Lippey E, Thursby P. Surgical practice to reduce dialysis access insufficiency. ANZ J Surg. 2008;78:377-382.

Hyland K, Cohen RM, Kwak A, et al. Preoperative mapping venography in patients who require hemodialysis access: imaging findings and contribution to management. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2008;19(7):1027-1033.

Ives CL, Akoh JA, George J, Vaughn-Huxley E, Lawson H. Pre-operative vessel mapping and early post-operative surveillance duplex scanning of arteriovenous fistulae. J Vasc Access. 2009;10(1):37-42.

Koksoy C, Demirci RK, Balci D, Solak T, Kose SK. Brachiobasilic versus brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula: A prospective randomized study. J Vasc Surg. 2009;49:171-177.

Moossavi S, Tuttle AB, Vachharajani TJ, et al. Long-term outcomes of transposed basiclic vein arteriovenous fistulae. Hemodial Int. 2008;12:80-84.

Shenoy S. Innovative surgical approaches to maximize arteriovenous fistula creation. Semin Vasc Surg. 2007;20:141-147.

Tellioglu G, Berber I, Kilicoglu G, Seymen P, Kara M, Titiz I. Doppler ultrasonography-guided surgery for high-flow hemodialysis vascular access: preliminary results. Transplant Proc. 2008;40:87-79.

Torina PJ, Westheimer EF, Schanzer HR. Brachial vein transposition ateriovenous fistula: is it an acceptable option for chronic dialysis vascular access? J Vasc Access. 2008;9:39-44.

Weale AR, Barwell J, Chant H, Lear PA, Mitchell DC. The impact of training on outcomes in primary vascular access surgery. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2004 Jul;86(4):275-80.

Weitzel WF. Preoperative hemodialysis fistula evaluation: angiography, ultrasonography and other studies, are they useful?. Contrib Nephrol. 2008;161:23-29.

Yilmaz M, Senkaya I, Saba D, Bicer M. Long-term outcomes of basilic vein transposition fistula for hemodialysis. Vasa. 2007 Feb;36(1):29-32.

Outcomes of upper arm arteriovenous fistulas for maintenance hemodialysis access, by Fitzgerald JT, Schanzer A, Chin AI, McVicar JP, Perez RV, Troppmann C. Arch Surg. 2004 Feb;139 (2):201-8. Results of this study suggest that an upper arm AVF is a reasonable alternative for maintenance hemodialysis access when a radiocephalic AVF is not possible.

The Upper Arm AV Hemoaccess: Long-term Follow-up, by FJ Dagher. From J Cardiovasc Surgery 1086 Jul-Aug; 27(4): pp 447-9.

Basilic vein transposition: A case report with contra-lateral removal of a large A-V fistula. Davidson I, Cava-Bartsch C. Journal of Vascular Access. 2005;6:49-61.

Autogenous Arteriovenous Fistula Options, Spergel, Lawrence M., Ravani P, Asif A, Roy-Chaudhury P, Besarab A. Journal of Nephrology. 2007; 20: 288-98.

Surgical Salvage of the Autogenous Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF), Spergel LM, Ravani P, Roy-Chaudhury P, Asif A, Besarab A. Journal of Nephrology. 2007; 20: 388-98.

Change Concept #6 Place Secondary AVF in AV Graft Patients Where Indicated

Conversion of tunneled hemodialysis catheter-consigned patients to arteriovenous fistula, by Asif A, Cherla G, Merrill D, Cipleu CD, Briones P, Pennell P. From Kidney Int, 2005 Jun;67(6):2399-406.

Bradbury BD, Chen F, Furniss A, et al. Conversion of vascular access type among incident hemodialysis patients: description and association with mortality. Am J Kid Dis. 2009;53(5):804-814.

Slayden GC, Spergel L, Jennings WC. Secondary arteriovenous fistulas: converting prosthetic AV grafts to autogenous dialysis access. Semin Dial. 2008 Sep-Oct;21(5):474-82.

Vachharajani T, Atray N, Gill S, Zibari G, Abreo K. Timing of secondary arteriovenous fistula creation avoids tunneled catheter placement. Semin Dial. 2008;21(4):364-366.

Change Concept #7 Place AVF in Catheter Patients Where Indicated

Gruss E, Portoles J, Tato A, et al.Clinical and economic repercussions of the use of tunneled haemodialysis catheters in a health area. Nefrologia. 2009;29(2):123-9.

Lacson E Jr, Wang W, Lazarus JM, Hakim RM. Change in vascular access and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009 Nov;54(5):912-21.

Rehman R, Schmidt RJ, Moss AH. Ethical and legal obligations to avoid long-term tunneled catheter access. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;4:456-460.

Sachdeva M, Kovalchuk O, Bitzer M, Mokrzycki MH. Vascular access type and changes in inflammatory markers in incident dialysis patients: a pilot study. J Vasc Access. 2009 Jul-Sep;10(3):174-9.

Sands JJ. Increasing AV fistulae and decreasing dialysis catheters: two aspects of improving patient outcomes. Blood Purif. 2007;25:99-102.

Mortality and hospitalization in haemodialysis patients in five European countries: results from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS), by Rayner HC, Pisoni RL, Bommer J, Canaud B, Hecking E, Locatelli F, Piera L, Bragg-Gresham JL, Feldman HI, Goodkin DA, Gillespie B, Wolfe RA, Held PJ, Port FK. From Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2004 Jan;19(1):108-120.

Evaluation of vascular access complications in acute and chronic hemodialysis. El Minshawy O, El Aziz TA, El Ghani HA. From J Vasc Access, 2004;5:76-82.

Conversion of tunneled hemodialysis catheter-consigned patients to arteriovenous fistula, by Asif A, Cherla G, Merrill D, Cipleu CD, Briones P, Pennell P. From Kidney Int, 2005 Jun;67(6):2399-406.

Predictors of Delayed Transition from Central Venous Catheters Use to Permanent Vascular Access Among ESRD Patients. Haimanot Wasse, MD, MPH, Rebecca Speckman, BA, Diane Frankenfield DrPH, Michael Rocco, MD, William McClellan, MD, MPH. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 49: 2; pp 276-283.

Increasing AV Fistulae & Decreasing Dialysis Catheters: Two Aspects of Improving Patient Outcomes. Jeffrey Sands, MD. Blood Purification 2007; 25:99-102. Published online 12/14/06.

Change Concept #8 Cannulation Training of AV Fistulas or AV Fistula Cannulation Training

van Loon MM, Kessels AG, van der Sande FM, Tordoir JH. Cannulation practice patterns in haemodialysis vascular access: predictors for unsuccessful cannulation. J Ren Car. 2009 Jun;35(2):82-9.

Verhallen AM, Kooistra MP, van Jaarsveld BC. Cannulating in haemodialysis: rope-ladder or buttonhole technique? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007;22:2601-2604.

Determining Maturity of New AVF, by Lynda K. Ball, Nephrology Nursing Journal, 33:2; March-April 2006 (reprint).

Improving AVF Cannulation Skills, by Lynda K. Ball, Nephrology Nursing Journal, 32:6; November-December 2005 (reprint).

Examining the Issue of Effective Needle Placements, by D English, E Harman, C Lewis, and D Brouwer. From Neph Nursing J 2005 Mar/Apr; 32(2): pp 224-27.

The Buttonhole Technique for AVF Cannulation, by Ball, Lynda. From Nephrology Nursing Journal 2006 May/June; 33(3): pp. 299-305.

A Multi-Center Perspective on Buttonhole technique, by Ball, Lynda. From Nephrology Nursing Journal 2007 March/April; 34(2): pp. 234-41.

Change Concept #9 Perform Monitoring and Maintenance to Ensure Adequate Access Function

Back MR, Maynard M, Winkler A, Bandyk DF. Expected flow parameters within hemodialysis access and selection for remedial intervention of nonmaturing conduits. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2008;42(2)150-158.

Balaz P, Rokosny S, Klein D, Adamec M. Aneurysmorrhaphy is an easy technique for arteriovenous fistula salvage. J Vasc Access. 2008;9:81-84.

Berman SS, Mendoza B, Westerband A, Quick RC. Predicting arteriovenous fistula maturation with intraoperative blood flow measurements. J Vasc Access. 2008;9:241-247.

Besarab A, Asif A, Roy-Chaudhury P, Spergel LM, Ravani P. The native arteriovenous fistula in 2007: surveillance and monitoring. J Nephrol. 2007;20:656-667.

Campos R, Riella M. Challenge for the interventional nephrologist: monitoring the arteriovenous fistula. Contrib Nephrol. 2008;161:12-22.

Chemla ES, Morsy M, Anderson L, Whitemore A. Inflow reduction by distalization of anastomosis treats efficiently high-inflow high-cardiac output vascular access for hemodialysis. Semin Dial 2007;20(1):68-72.

Clark TW, Cohen RA, Kwak A, et al. Salvage of nonmaturing native fistulas by using angioplasty. Radiology. 2007;242(1):286-292.

Garcia MJ, Lacasa PN, Muray CS, Perez GI, Garcia MV. Thrombosis in vascular accesses for haemodialysis: rescue treatment using invasive vascular radiological techniques. Nefrologia. 2009;29(3):249-55.

Nassar GM. Endovascular management of the "failing to mature" arteriovenous fistula. Tech Vasc Int Rad. 2008;11(3):175-80.

Raynaud A, Novelli L, Bourquelot P, Stolba J, Beyssen B, Franco G. Low-flow maturation failure of distal accesses: treatment by angioplasty of forearm arteries. J Vasc Surg. 2009;49(4):995-999.

van Hoek F, Scheltinga M, Luirink M, Pasmans H, Beerenhout C. Banding of hemodialysis access to treat hand ischemia or cardiac overload. Semin Dial. 2009 Mar-Apr;22(2):204-8.

Voormolen EHJ, Jahrome AK, Bartels LW, Moll FL, Mali WP, Blankestjin PJ. Non-maturation of arm arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis access: a systematic review of risk factors and results of early treatment. J Vasc Surg. 2009;49(5):1325-1336.

Zheng Y, Liu C, Guan H, et al. Surgical management of pseudoaneurysm complicating arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis. Chin Med Sci J. 2007;22(3):196-198.

Static intra-access pressure does not correlate with access blood flow, by Spergel LM, Holland JE, Fadem SZ, McAllister CJ, Peacock EJ. Kidney Int, 2004;66:1512-1516.

A practitioner's resource guide to physical examination of dialysis vascular access, by Beathard, G. Physical examination is easy to perform, inexpensive, and effective. This article provides detailed instruction on physical examination of the ESRD patient both prior to access placement and after, including pictures. Provided with permission by the author.

Biology of Arteriovenous Fistula Failure, by Roy-Chaudhury P, Spergel LM, Besarab A, Asif A, Ravani P. Journal of Nephrology. 2007; 20: 150-63.

Interventional Nephrology: From Episodic to Coordinated Vascular Access Care, Asif A, Besarab A, Roy-Chaudhury P, Spergel LM, Ravani P. Journal of Nephrology. 2007; 20: 399-405.

Endovascular treatment of the 'failing to mature' AV fistula, by GM Nassar, B Nguyen, E Rhee & K Achkar. From Clin J Am Soc Nephrol (2006) 1: pp 275-280. A prospective study of 119 patients with failing to mature AVF, using balloon angioplasty for stenotic lesions and obliteration of accessory veins, producing an AVF salvage rate of 83.2%.

Salvage of immature arteriovenous fistulas with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, by SW Shin et al. From Cardiovascular & Interventional Radiology (2005), 28: pp 434-438. A study to assess the value of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for salvage of AVFs that fail to mature.

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